The JAS Gripen, developed by Saab of Sweden, is a modern, versatile multi-role fighter jet that has attracted interest in various parts of the world. While it’s an advanced aircraft with many attractive features, the reason it isn’t more widely adopted in Europe can be attributed to a variety of factors:

1. Strong Competitors: Europe has several major defense contractors that produce advanced fighter aircraft, including Dassault’s Rafale (France), Eurofighter Typhoon (a collaboration between the UK, Germany, Italy, and Spain), and previously the Panavia Tornado. These aircraft often have the backing of their respective governments, both in terms of funding for development and in promoting sales abroad.
2. Political and Economic Considerations: Large defense purchases often come with political and economic considerations. Countries may opt for a particular aircraft due to broader political relationships, alignment, or to foster strategic partnerships. For instance, buying American aircraft like the F-35 can be seen as a move to strengthen ties with the United States.
3. Economy of Scale: The large investments required for R&D in aviation mean that economies of scale matter. The more units of a particular aircraft that are sold, the lower the unit cost becomes, making it more attractive to potential buyers. This can sometimes work against smaller manufacturers like Saab, especially when competing against larger consortiums or countries with bigger defense budgets.
4. Operational Requirements: Each country has its specific operational requirements based on its defense strategy, geographic location, and perceived threats. For some nations, the capabilities offered by the Gripen might be more than adequate, while others might prefer the specific capabilities offered by other aircraft.
5. Joint Development Programs: Some European countries are part of joint aircraft development programs (like the Eurofighter Typhoon consortium) and are thus more inclined to procure aircraft that they have invested in, both in terms of money and technology.
6. Maintenance and Interoperability: Having a fleet with multiple types of aircraft can increase logistical and maintenance challenges. Countries that already operate other European aircraft might prefer to stick to a similar platform due to the existing infrastructure and trained personnel.
7. US Influence: The United States, with its F-16, F/A-18, and now the F-35, has a strong influence in the global fighter aircraft market. The F-35, in particular, is being adopted by several NATO countries, including many in Europe. Its advanced stealth capabilities, along with a strong push from the US both in terms of political lobbying and attractive partnership deals, make it a compelling option for many nations.

Despite these challenges, it’s worth noting that the Gripen has found customers both in Europe and outside, with countries like Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia opting for the Gripen, and Brazil making a significant overseas purchase. Each country’s decision is based on a complex mix of operational requirements, budgetary constraints, political considerations, and strategic alignments.

Fly a jet fighter is the fighter jet experience specialist.